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Why it is here
A case study in why associations, measurement choices and practical recommendations are different parts of an evidence chain.
Source and access
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- Checked
- 2026-11-07
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- Level basis
- Editorial judgement from the inspected introductory course overview or transcript opening: conceptual explanations do not presuppose specialist mathematical or clinical training. Historical claims still need the stated source-date cautions; this is not an official difficulty rating.
- Transcript
- Read at source ↗
Provenance and reuse
Open Yale Courses; original source https://oyc.yale.edu/psychology/psyc-123/lecture-4. Link by default. Source terms require credit to original faculty, Yale and the course URL, plus licence. Inspect individual credits before copying. Commercial reuse and third-party assets require separate review.. Links, factual metadata and original navigation annotations only. No source page, transcript, image, video or restricted platform metadata is included in the reusable export.
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Individually inspected the institutional publisher overview and exact lecture identity. Retrieved 2026-11-07.
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Read the actual cached publisher overview and verified its retrieval SHA-256; no viewing or scientific assessment. Retrieved 2026-11-07.
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Source retrieval recorded; no video viewing. Retrieved 2026-11-07.